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T o p i c 1 . C o m b u s t i o n R e l a t e d t o S u s t a i n a b l e E n e r g y .
E x a m p l e s o f f u n d a m e n t a l r e s e a r c h n e e d s i n t h e a r e a o f T o p i c 1 i n c l u d e b u t a r e n o t l i m i t e d t o :
I n c r e a s e d k n o w l e d g e o f f u n d a m e n t a l m e c h a n i s m s r e l a t e d t o c o m b u s t i o n c a r b o n ( C O2) capture technologies, such as oxy-fuel combustion processes and chemical looping
Increased knowledge of fundamental mechanisms for gasification (coal, biomass, coal/biomass mixtures)
Increased understanding of fundamental combustion reaction mechanisms for pollutant emissions (e.g., particulates, NOx), with efforts focused on reduction of such emissions from combustion systems (e.g., coal, internal combustion engines)
Note that increasing combustion efficiency is outside the scope of this call for proposals. Also, separation proposals related to combustion (e.g., for gases, such as CO2 and O2, and for removal of particulates by such separation processes as filtration) are not within the scope of this call.
Topic 2. Urban Water Sustainability.
Provision of water with sufficient quality and in adequate quantity is vital for urban areas, and is becoming increasingly challenging. Examples of fundamental research needs in the area of Topic 2 include but are not limited to:
Means to enable urban wastewater re-use, including as potable water
Routes for efficient and cost-effective capture, storage, and use of storm water
Pathways to minimizing water consumption for all purposes
Creation of advantageous synergies in the Food-Energy-Water (FEW) nexus
Drinking water safety and security
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